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The difference between cast iron and cast steel gate valves

2023-11-23

One of the most popular methods of manufacturing durable and high-quality components is through castings. Casting allows for a high level of detail, which results in no need for and extra fabrication or assembly. While many different materials can be cast, steel and iron are two of the most popular because they have excellent mechanical properties suitable for a wide range of applications.

Cast iron usually refers to gray iron, ductile iron and malleable iron. It is an iron casting with a carbon content higher than 2%.

Cast steel usually refers to ordinary carbon steel and alloy steel. It is a steel casting with a carbon content of less than 2%.

Therefore, there is not much difference in chemical composition and raw materials between cast iron and cast steel.

Corrosion resistance:

When it comes to corrosion, iron has better corrosion resistance than steel. But that doesn't mean both are immune to corrosion. If left unprotected, both metals will oxidize in the presence of moisture. Eventually, they will break down completely. To prevent this, it is recommended to coat steel and cast iron castings.

Cost:

Cast iron is generally less expensive than cast steel because the cost of materials, energy and labor required to produce the final product is lower. Although crude steel is more expensive, it is also available in prefabricated forms. These include plates, rods, rods, tubes and beams.

Castability:

Cast iron is relatively easy to cast because it pours easily and does not shrink like steel. This fluidity makes cast iron an ideal metal for architectural or ornate ironwork structures such as fences and street furniture.

Advantages and disadvantages of cast iron:

The good casting properties of gray cast iron are good vibration damping, good wear resistance, good machinability and low notch sensitivity. However, its tensile strength and elongation are low.
Therefore, it can only produce some metal parts that do not have high physical requirements. Protective cover, cover, oil pan, handwheel, frame, floor, hammer, small handle, base, frame, box, knife, bed, bearing seat, workbench, wheel, cover, pump, valve, pipe, flywheel, motor Seat and wait. As for higher grade gray cast iron, it can withstand larger loads and has certain sealing or corrosion resistance. This allows for some of the more important castings such as cylinders, gears, bases, flywheels, beds, cylinder blocks, cylinder liners, pistons, gearboxes, brake wheels, coupling plates, medium pressure valves, etc.

Ductile iron and malleable iron have high strength, ductility, heat resistance and toughness. So for a wider range of applications, in some cases, it can replace carbon steel. However, its production technology is very high. The production process is more complicated. This makes production costs higher than ordinary gray cast iron and cast steel.

Therefore, ductile iron has many casting defects. There are many areas where ductile iron is used, such as pressure pipes and fittings, automotive applications, agriculture, road and construction applications and general engineering applications.

Advantages and disadvantages of cast steel:

The main advantage of cast steel is design flexibility. Casting designers have maximum freedom of design choices. This allows for complex shapes and hollow cross-section parts.

Cast steel offers the flexibility and greatest variability of metallurgical manufacturing. Different chemistries and controls can be chosen to suit the various requirements of different projects. This provides different heat treatment options within a wider range of mechanical properties and properties. Also provides good weldability and workability.

Cast steel is an isotropic material that produces monolithic structural strength steel castings. This increases the reliability of the project. Together with design and weight, short delivery times, price and economical advantages give cast steel a competitive advantage.

Steel castings are available in a wider range of weights. A very small weight can be an investment casting weighing only tens of grams. Large steel castings can weigh several, tens or hundreds of tons.

Steel castings can be used in a variety of working conditions. Its mechanical properties are superior to any other casting alloy, as well as various special-purpose high-alloy steels. In order to withstand high tensile stresses or dynamic loads on components, it is important to consider pressure vessel castings. At low or high temperatures, large and important parts with critical load parts should be mainly made of steel castings.
However, cast steel has poor shock absorption, wear resistance and fluidity. Casting properties are poor compared to cast iron. Additionally, the cost is higher than regular cast iron.

So, when it comes to cast iron vs. cast steel, they each have their pros and cons. The selection should be based on the application and their physical properties.

Identification of castings and forgings:

① Depending on the fineness of the surface structure of the forging, the surface of the casting should be coarser, while the machined surface of the forging should be brighter.

② The cast iron section is gray and dark, while the forged steel section is silver and bright.

③ Listen to the sound, the forging is dense, the sound is crisp after impact, and the sound of the casting is dull.

④ Use a grinder to grind it and see the difference in sparks between the two (the brightness of the forging), etc.

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