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What valves are used in a refinery vacuum distillation system?

2024-01-12

Refining units in petrochemical industry are used to process crude oil to produce different types of fuel oils such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, lubricating oil and chemical raw materials. The units mainly include atmospheric and vacuum units, catalytic cracking units, catalytic reforming units, delayed coking units, hydrocracking units and hydrofining units, etc.

The basic requirements of valves for oil refining units are as follows: meet the process requirements, ensure the service life of the valves, facilitate operation and maintenance, compact structure, and light weight.

Refinery Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Unit Introduction:

1. Crude oil electric desalination:

Crude oil enters the device through the oil pipeline, because the crude oil contains salt and water. Therefore, valves with anti-corrosion performance should be used. Crude oil enters the heat exchanger at room temperature, mixes with demulsifier and deionized water, and exchanges heat to 120°C-140°C through the heat exchanger. After desalination, the heat is exchanged through a heat exchanger to 180°C-230°C and then sent to the initial distillation tower.

2. Initial distillation tower:

The purpose of initial distillation is to produce reformed feedstock with low arsenic content, and to resist fluctuations in crude oil composition and water content fluctuations for the operation of atmospheric and vacuum towers. Part of the gasoline is distilled from the top of the tower. The outflow temperature of the initial distillation column product is 170°C-220°C, and after heat exchange, it reaches 290°C-308°C and enters the atmospheric furnace.

3. Atmospheric pressure furnace:

Heat to 360°C-370°C.

4. Atmospheric tower:

The components heated in the atmospheric pressure furnace enter the atmospheric column for distillation, gasoline (40-120°C), kerosene (110-350°C), light diesel oil (180-370°C), heavy diesel oil (350-410°C) and atmospheric pressure Residual oil (outlet temperature 340°C).

5. Decompression furnace:

Heat to 380°C-420°C.

6. Vacuum tower:

Atmospheric pressure residue enters the vacuum tower through heat exchange, and the top of the vacuum tower is gas, top-reducing oil and water (90-250°C fraction), measuring line: minus one line (diesel component 210-350°C fraction), minus two lines (wax oil component 280-520°C fraction), minus the third line (wax oil component 330-540°C fraction) is heavier than minus the second line. Some have reduced the fourth line (heavy wax oil), and generally do not put it outside. Bottom of the tower: Vacuum residue minus fourth line and bottom bottom residue can be used as feedstock for catalytic cracking, and can also be used as raw material for asphalt.

Valves involved in atmospheric and vacuum devices:

Gate valves (PN1.6, PN2.5, PN4.0, PN6.3, mainly made of carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel);

Globe valve (PN1.6, PN2.5, PN4.0, PN6.3, mainly made of carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel);

Ball valve (PN1.6, PN2.5, mainly made of carbon steel);

Butterfly valve (, PN2.5, mainly made of carbon steel);

Two-way butterfly valve (PN1.6, mainly made of carbon steel);

Check valve (PN1.6, PN2.5, PN4.0, PN6.3, mainly made of carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel);

Atmospheric and vacuum device flow chart and valve distribution sequence diagram:


Valve distribution sequence diagram: